📖 Meaning
Describes a calm and pleasant complexion with a submissive, respectful attitude. It refers to the way one should approach elders or superiors—gently and reverently. The phrase is interchangeable with the idiom 下气怡声.
📜 Origin Story
The phrase originates from the 'Book of Rites' (礼记), a core Confucian classic compiled during the Han dynasty from earlier Zhou-era ritual texts. In the chapter 'Nei Ze' (内则), it describes how a filial child should admonish parents who have erred—with a gentle demeanor and soft voice rather than harsh words. The Song dynasty philosopher Zhu Xi later cited the idiom in his 'Zhuzi Yulei' to illustrate the proper attitude of a filial child in serving parents.
💡 Example Usage
侍奉父母之道，须下气怡色，起敬起孝。
In serving one's parents, one must adopt a gentle and reverent demeanor, showing deep respect and filial devotion.
🏷️ Category
➕ Similar Idioms
➖ Opposite Idioms
🔤 Quick Facts
- Chinese: 下气怡色
- Pinyin: xià qì yí sè
- Literal Translation: lower breath, pleasant countenance
- Category: Attitude
- Characters: 4